Helse

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Fakta om magnesium

Generelt om magnesium

Magnesium er det fjerde mest alminnelige stoff i kroppen. Kroppen inneholder omkring 25 gram magnesium. Halvparten finnes i bein, og den andre halvparten er fordelt på muskler og annet bløtvev.

Hvordan virker magnesium i kroppen?

Magnesium inngår som ko-faktor i over 300 enzymer som deltar i kroppens energiomsetning, dannelsen av nye proteiner og nukleinsyre-stoffskifte. Ut over dette spiller magnesium også en viktig rolle ved overføring av nerveimpulser til muskler og ved hjertets impulsledning.
Magnesium er altså en nødvendighet for at kroppens stoffskifte, og dessuten muskler og hjerte, skal fungere normalt. Som legemiddel og kosttilskudd, inngår magnesium i behandlingen av magesår (antacida) og som avføringsmiddel.

Hvor i kosten finnes magnesium?

Magnesium finnes overalt i kosten, men følgende produkter er spesielt rike på magnesium:
Melkeprodukter, kornprodukter, nøtter, mandler, grønne bladgrønnsaker, tørkede erter, bønner, poteter, fisk og kjøtt.

Hvor mye magnesium må jeg ta?

Det daglige behovet for magnesium ligger på rundt 350 milligram for en voksen. Gutter i puberteten, gravide og ammende har et litt større behov, og her bør inntaket ligge på rundt 450 milligram.
Mer enn 600-700 milligram daglig kan imidlertid framkalle diarè.
For høyt inntak av magnesium er sjelden, fordi et eventuelt overskudd i kroppen utskilles via nyrene.
Utskillelsen reguleres av flere forskjellige hormoner. De viktigste av disse er biskjoldbrukskjertelhormonet (PTH) og aldosteron.

Hvem har økt risiko for magnesiummangel?

Der kan være mange forskjellige årsaker til magnesiummangel.
En kostbetinget magnesiummangel kjennes ikke hos mennesket.
Men mangel kan oppstå i forbindelse med sykdom. Samtidig vil det da være mangel på andre mineraler (for eksempel kalsium og kalium).
Andre årsaker kan være:
  • Kronisk diaré (forhindrer eller nedsetter opptak av magnesium via mage-tarmkanalen).
  • Lavt matinntak (for eksempel ved en slankekur).
  • Alkoholisme.
  • Vanndrivende medisin (spesielt den typen som kalles loop-diuretika øker magnesiumtapet via urinen).

Hva er symptomene på magnesiummangel?

Ved mildere grad av magnesiummangel vil man ofte ikke se noen symptomer i det hele tatt.
Ved mer alvorlig magnesiummangel vil symptomene ofte være forskjellige, eller blandet med mangelsymptomer på andre mineraler.
Tegn på magnesiummangel kan minne om de symptomene som oppstår ved kalsiummangel, det vil si neurale forstyrrelser, som for eksempel skjelving, muskelsvakhet, kramper og mentale forstyrrelser. Andre tegn kan være nedsatt appetitt, kvalme og tretthet.

Hvordan behandles magnesiummangel?

Først og fremst må man finne årsaken til mangelen.
Dernest skal kroppen tilføres nytt magnesium. i milde tilfeller kan dette gjøres ved økt inntak av magnesium via kosten. I alvorligere tilfeller skal man innlegges på sykehus og tilføres magnesiumsulfat med drypp.

Kontraindikasjoner - hva skal jeg være oppmerksom på?

Det viktigste er å vite at vanndrivende medisin kan øke utskilling av magnesium gjennom urinen.Hvis du tar mye av denne typen medisin, kan det være lurt med et ekstra magnesiumtilskudd via kosten. Snakk med legen din om dette.

Er det noe jeg bør være oppmerksom på hvis jeg er gravid?

Gravide har et økt behov for magnesium. Spesielt hvis du samtidig har diabetes, er det viktig at fosteret får nok magnesium.
Magnesium har ingen kjent skadelig virkning på fosteret.

Hva er symptomene på for høyt inntak av magnesium?

Overdoser av magnesium er sjelden. Det forekommer stort sett kun i forbindelse med inntak av magnesiumholdige avføringsmidler eller hos personer med nyresykdommer.
Symptomene kan være diaré, eller i mer alvorlige tilfeller neuromuskulære utfall (for eksempel lammelser).

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Naturlige kilder til magnesium

  • Kakao: Ren, mørk sjokolade inneholder nesten 500 mg av magnesium
  • Grønnsaker med grønne blader: Salat, spinat, persille
  • Frukt: Bananer, aprikoser, avokado, fersken, plommer, epler
  • Tørket frukt: Mandler, cashewnøtter, hasselnøtter, valnøtter
  • Belgfrukter: Erter og linser
  • Frø
  • Brun ris
  • Havregryn
  • Poteter
  • Gresskar
  • Fisk
  • Løvetann
  • Hvetekim












En smoothie som inneholder f.eks. spinat, banan og havregryn, søtet med litt honning, vil inneholde en stor mengde magnesium. Dersom man inntar en slik dose daglig, vil det kunne gi flere helsemessige goder.

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Stuffy Nose



Jeg kan prøve noen produkter jeg har i skapet for å kurere den  tette nesa

Inhalation with garlic


If the infection is not fully blown yet, inhalations should be your first course of action to alleviate discomfort. Boil a pot of water and then add minced fresh garlic to it (3 to 4 cloves should do). Get yourself comfy, cover your head and pot with a towel and start inhaling. It might be uncomfortable at first, but it will help. The steam alone is an amazing decongestant and helps to clear the breathing pathways. When you add other healing ingredients, the positive effects multiply. Garlic is an extremely potent natural antibiotic, and is antiviral and antifungal..
Inhalation with apple cider vinegar
Instead of fresh garlic, you can also use apple cider vinegar. A 1:1 proportion with steaming water will create a powerful mix. Apple cider vinegar thins the annoying mucus.

Inhalation with essential oils

Some swear by adding tea tree oil (a few drops will suffice), as the oil is another strong natural antibiotic and antifungal. By inhaling it, you deliver the antibiotic directly to your suffering nasal membranes (this may hurt at first, and you may feel a burning sensation). Also eucalyptus essential oil helps clear nasal and chest congestion caused by colds and sinus infections, so you can use it instead or with tea tree essential oil.

Add honey
– a glass of warm water
– 1 teaspoon of honey
– 1 tablespoon of apple cider vinegar
– 3 cloves of minced raw garlic
Mix well and drink to your sinuses’ health!
Or, if the abundance of tastes (or garlic breath), slightly scare you, just try mixing apple cider vinegar and raw honey, and consuming that 3 times a day. Two tablespoons of vinegar and 1 teaspoon of honey will send your sinusitis packing.

Neti Pot / Sinus Irrigation

One of the most popular treatments using a salt and water solution to flush out the nasal passages is the neti pot. This is a small ceramic pot that you fill with a mixture of ½ to 1 teaspoon of salt to each 16 ounces (two cups) of warm water. Some prefer to add an additional ¼ teaspoon of baking soda, per cup, to the mixture to adjust the pH of the irrigating solution to that of the body. You need to use previously boiled water to prepare the solution. Don’t use tap water.
Once you’ve filled the neti pot, tilt your head over the sink at about a 45 degree angle. Place the spout into your top nostril, and gently pour the saline water into that nostril. The saline water will flow through your nasal cavity and out the other nostril. Blow your nose to get rid of any remaining water, then refill the neti pot and repeat the process on the other side.
The basic explanation of how the Neti pot works is that it thins mucus and helps flush it out of the nasal passages. People suffering from daily sinus symptoms found relief from using the neti pot on a daily basis. Once the symptoms subsided, you can reduce it to three times a week.

If you are interested in herbal remedies, you can find more useful information in my e-book the Herbal Remedies Guide. This guide will teach you how to treat common ailments using herbs:

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 This recipe actually really simple to make – requiring just honey and sliced lemons – but the secret is in leaving it to “work its magic”: Honey is a natural preserving agent and after time the lemons dissolve into the honey to make a fragrant, sweet jelly-like “preserve” that contains the healthy goodness of both.
1) Wash the lemons carefully before use. I would suggest to soak them in a bowl of water in which a cup of apple cider vinegar has been added. Just let them sit in there for 20 minutes, the ACV will clean them. Then rinse off.
2) Once your lemons are nicely rinsed and sparkle fresh, slice them up and put the slices into a preserving jar.
3) Pour on honey until lemons are completely covered. If the honey is too solid, you may wish to warm it (place in a pan of warm water) until it liquefies enough. Close the jar.
4) Refrigerate!
5) To make the drink itself, simply use a spoonful in a cup with boiling water.

Top 12 Home Remedies for Sore Throat

When a sore throat strikes, one suffers from a burning or scratching sensation at the back of the throat and pain such that it can become very hard to swallow or even talk. Tenderness in the neck occurs too. Sore throats are usually not medically serious, often last only for three days, and clear up on their own, even
without treatment.

Sore throats however can be painful, distressing, and troublesome and should be treated swiftly.
There are several possible causes of sore throat – virus, bacteria, smoking, and gastroesophageal reflux disease, to name a few. Treatment is geared toward the control or elimination of these causes. While most people swiftly rush for over-the-counter medications for relief, a variety of home remedies that are equally effective but inexpensive and simple to use can be employed. Medications come with side effects, but the following natural remedies do not:

1. Saltwater gargles – One of the most recommended means to help get rid of sore throat is saltwater gargling. Not only is a gargle with saltwater convenient and simple to make, but also it is effective and produces a rather quick effect. A warm cup of water with half a teaspoon of salt eases the swelling associated with sore throat. [2] It does this by drawing the water out of mucous membranes in the throat. This in turn loosens and washes away the mucus that might accompany it. Since pain is related to the swelling, relieving the inflammation in sore throat also lessens the discomfort. Note that the water for gargling is intended for “gargling only” and should not be swallowed. Also, too much salt is a no-no since this would only lead to the dehydration of mucous membranes.

2. Tabasco gargle – A spicy alternative to saltwater gargle is a solution of 10-20 drops of Tabasco sauce in a glass of water. Tabasco sauce comprises mainly peppers, vinegar, and salt, and Tabasco gargle hence uses the antiviral and antibacterial properties of the three to eliminate the pathogen causing the sore throat. Similar with saltwater gargle, do not swallow Tabasco gargle since it can irritate the stomach.

3. Baking soda solution – Baking soda possesses antibacterial activity, specifically against Streptococcus mutans. A baking soda gargle can help reduce the number of bacteria causing sore throat. Mix half teaspoon of baking soda in a glass of warm water and use the solution as a gargle.

4. Honey – Honey has long been appreciated for its antibacterial properties. Such feat can be used in the treatment of sore throat. It can eliminate the bacteria responsible for sore throat and hasten the healing process. Honey can also draw water out of inflamed tissue; this ability helps in reducing the swelling. Mix two or three teaspoons of honey in a cup of warm water or even tea.

5. Lemon – Lemons contain a wide range of beneficial phenolic compounds and vitamins, minerals, dietary fiber, essential oils, and carotenoids – just what you need to boost your immune system to combat any infection! According to the USDA Nutrient Database, an average-sized raw lemon (100 g) boasts 53 mg of vitamin C, 2.8 g of dietary fiber, 8 mg of magnesium, and 0.06 mg of zinc. Add some lemon juice to a glass of hot water, plus two teaspoons of honey. Alternatively, consume the fruit directly, with some salt on the lemon if desired.

6. Blackcurrant – Like lemon, blackcurrants are rich in vitamin C and minerals. According to the USDA Nutrient Database, a 100 g blackcurrant provides 181 mg of vitamin C and 1 mg of vitamin E, 24 mg of magnesium, 59 mg of phosphorus, and 0.27 mg of zinc.  In a Nigerian study, blackcurrant was determined to have high antioxidant content and free radical scavenging abilities. All these make blackcurrant an excellent counter to the infection related to sore throat. Make a blackcurrant gargle by diluting blackcurrant concentrate in some hot water.

7. Vitamins – If the cause of your sore throat appears to be a viral or bacterial infection, there’s nothing better to do than helping your body fight off what is causing the infection. Bolster and strengthen your immune system by consuming a diet packed with vitamins C and E and minerals such as zinc and magnesium.

8. Water – It goes without saying that an adequate consumption of water works wonders during infection. Drink plenty of water. Water in general will keep one’s mucous membranes moist and hydrated. Furthermore, water helps thin the secretions in the throat and can soothe the irritation.

9. Tea – Drinking a cup of tea can be very beneficial for someone suffering from sore throat. As it is basically a fluid, it works similarly with water, soothing the throat and keeping the tissues hydrated. Teas also boast a good amount of antioxidants, which will strengthen one’s immunity to combat the infection.

10. Slippery elm – Slippery elm is a century-old herbal remedy for sore throats. It contains mucilage, which becomes a slick gel when mixed with water and which can be used to coat and soothe the mouth and throat. The fine and dried powder from the inner back of slippery elm can be mixed with teas or extracts or can be taken as lozenges. Add around two tablespoons of slippery elm powder into two cups of hot water to make a tea. Drink this thrice daily.

11. Licorice root – Licorice has long been utilized as a home remedy for sore throat. It possesses antiinflammatory and demulcent properties, soothing the irritation in the throat. A study from the Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, India, demonstrated that licorice gargle performed 5 min before anesthesia attenuates the incidence and severity of postoperative sore throat. [8] Consume some warm licorice tea or incorporate licorice in gargles.

12. Marshmallow root – The root of the shrub “marshmallow” works in the same manner as slippery elm. Through its throat-coating mucilage, marshmallow root keeps the throat coated and eases the soreness of inflamed tissues. According to a 2010 German investigation from the University of Munster, the aqueous extract and the raw polysaccharides from the roots of marshmallows are effective treatment for irritated mucous membranes. These bioadhesive polysaccharides are associated with the physical formation of mucin-like substance on top of the irritated tissues. Moreover, the marshmallow extract stimulates cell viability and proliferation of epithelial cells. [9] One can avail of marshmallow’s healing properties by making a tea out of it: add two teaspoons of the herb in a cup of hot water for 10 minutes and then strain and drink. Drink 3 to 5 cups daily.



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– Vær glad i den rumpa du har!
– Vær glad i den rumpa du har! 
 
 
 
 
 
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Slik unngår du kjøleskapsfellen
Slik unngår du kjøleskapsfellen 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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Derfor vil sykelig overvektige slanke seg 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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Sjekk om kroppen din er ung!
Er du sprek? Test din kondis her! 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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Roger gikk ned 70 kilo med kamerattrenin
Roger gikk ned 70 kilo med kamerattrening





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Bilde

 

How Rheumatologists Use Chemotherapy

Link til Norsk Revmatiukerforbund


What is chemotherapy? In cancer treatment, chemotherapy refers to the use of any of a group of drugs whose main effect is either to kill or slow the reproduction of rapidly multiplying cells. In rheumatology, chemotherapy is designed to decrease the abnormal behavior of cells, rather than kill cells. The doses of medicine used for rheumatic or autoimmune conditions are lower than the doses used for cancer treatment.
How does chemotherapy help treat inflammatory and autoimmune diseases?
In many rheumatic diseases, inflammation causes damage to parts of the body, such as the joints in rheumatoid arthritis. In many cases, inflammation results from autoimmunity. Autoimmunity is a malfunction of the immune system in which one’s own tissues or organs are misinterpreted as being foreign and become the object of "attack."
Chemotherapy slows cell reproduction and decreases certain products made by these cells and thus might help people with certain inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. Because of the suppressive effect of chemotherapy on autoimmunity, these drugs are sometimes called immunosuppressive drugs.
Disease modifying drugs is another name collectively given to the chemotherapy drugs used to treat rheumatic diseases. They are different from anti-inflammatory drugs or pain medicines, which work right away, provide only short-term relief, and do not improve long-term disease outcome. Chemotherapy drugs take longer to have a complete effect, sometimes several weeks or up to a few months. Because they alter the immune response that causes the disease, they can slow down significantly and sometimes stop the course of the rheumatic disease for which they are prescribed.
What chemotherapy drugs do rheumatologists use?
Although there are many chemotherapy drugs, only a handful have widespread use in treating rheumatic diseases today. These are:
  • Methotrexate (Rheumatrex)
  • Azathioprine (Imuran)
  • Cyclophosphamide (Cytoxan)
  • Leflunomide (Arava)
  • Mycophenolate mofetil (CellCept)
Methotrexate
Methotrexate is the chemotherapeutic drug most widely used by rheumatologists for two main reasons: It is effective in treating rheumatoid arthritis and certain other rheumatic diseases (especially polymyositis and certain types of vasculitis – inflammation of blood vessels), and it is relatively safe.
It is due to methotrexate and to other newer drugs available today that the outcome of rheumatoid arthritis has improved in the past decade.
Most patients can take methotrexate by mouth in a single, once-a-week dose. Some patients prefer to take it as an injection once a week.
Azathioprine
Azathioprine has been used for many years as an immunosuppressive drug to prevent graft rejection in patients receiving kidney transplants. It is also used to suppress the abnormal immune response in some patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (lupus), rheumatoid arthritis, and vasculitis.
It is usually taken in a single daily dose by mouth.
Cyclophosphamide
Cyclophosphamide is considerably more powerful and toxic than methotrexate and azathioprine. It is used to treat the most aggressive and dangerous rheumatic diseases, such as severe lupus and some forms of vasculitis. In such instances, cyclophosphamide is a life-saving treatment.
Cyclophosphamide directly attacks the components of the cell nucleus that contain the genes – the nucleic acids – interfering with the production of certain proteins. Although rapidly reproducing cells are more susceptible to this action than resting cells, any cell can be affected if there is enough drug present.
Cyclophosphamide is taken either by mouth or by injection.
Leflunomide
Leflunomide is another drug used to treat rheumatoid arthritis. It is comparable to methotrexate in its ability to control disease activity in rheumatoid arthritis. It disrupts the production of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), thereby interfering with the immune cells that play a role in the development of rheumatoid arthritis.
Leflunomide is taken by mouth, once a day.
Mycophenolate mofetil
Mycophenolate was originally used to treat patients with organ transplants but now it is sometimes used in the treatment of some autoimmune diseases such as lupus or vasculitis.
Mycophenolate targets an enzyme in the body called inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase, which is important for the formation of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) in cells. By interfering with DNA, the medicine impairs function of immune system cells that become overactive in autoimmune diseases such as lupus.
Mycophenolate is taken by mouth, twice a day.
What kind of side effects do these drugs have?
Side effects of chemotherapeutic drugs are fairly common, even though the doses are typically lower than the doses used to treat cancer.
Some patients might experience an upset stomach, nausea, vomiting, or diarrhea while on chemotherapy. These symptoms might go away with time, but tell your doctor if they persist.
All of these drugs can diminish the formation of blood cells, resulting in:
  • Anemia (low red blood cell count)
  • Low white blood cell count that might cause decreased resistance to infection
  • Low platelet count that might cause impaired blood clotting
In addition, methotrexate, azathioprine, and leflunomide can damage the liver, and cyclophosphamide can damage the urinary bladder lining and cause bleeding or cancer in the bladder lining. Cyclophosphamide also causes hair loss and sterility.
Methotrexate and cyclophosphamide can damage the lungs.
Women who are pregnant or plan to become pregnant should not take these medicines. Use a birth control method that you can trust. If you are pregnant, tell your doctor right away.
As a general rule, elderly patients and those with chronic medical problems such as liver disease or renal disease might be more likely to experience side effects from chemotherapy. Dosing adjustments and more frequent monitoring might be necessary.
Immunosuppressive drugs diminish your body's ability to fight infections. Let your doctor know right away if you experience a fever or other signs of infection, and stay up to date with your vaccinations.
Some chemotherapy drugs have been associated with a slight increased risk of cancer.
Be sure to tell your doctor about other medicines you are taking, including over-the-counter drugs or other remedies, as they could increase the risk of side effects or interfere with the effectiveness of the drugs prescribed for you.
Since no drug is entirely safe, your rheumatologist will talk to you about the possible benefits of these drugs, as well as their side effects. The occurrence of side effects depends on the dose, type of medicine, and length of treatment.
Obviously, it is very important to have the appropriate follow-up examinations and laboratory testing while taking chemotherapeutic drugs. Careful monitoring can minimize all of these risks.
How fast do chemotherapeutic drugs work?
Although there are some differences among the drugs and how they are used to treat certain rheumatologic and autoimmune diseases, these drugs usually produce benefits gradually, requiring weeks to months for full effectiveness.
Methotrexate and azathioprine can be used for prolonged periods (many years) if necessary, as long as they do not cause side effects.
Cyclophosphamide is preferably used for more limited periods of time because of its greater toxicity. However, in certain cases more prolonged use might be necessary.
Generally, if there is no benefit within four months, it is unlikely that continuing the chemotherapeutic drug at the same dose will be helpful.
For more information
The information provided above is designed to give you a general overview. For more detailed information, the following websites might be useful:
American College of Rheumatology:
http://www.rheumatology.org/public/factsheets/
National Institutes of Health Medline Plus:
Link til Norsk Revmatikerforbund

http://revmatikerbloggen.wordpress.com/tag/revmatikere/



Why Exercise Should Be Part of Standard Cancer Care

Story at-a-glance

  • New research suggests oncologists are failing to properly advise their patients on the need for exercise, which some cancer organizations now believe should be part of standard cancer care
  • Exercising during and after cancer treatment can reduce your risk of dying from cancer; reduce your risk of cancer recurrence; boost energy; and minimize the side effects of conventional cancer treatment
  • Previous research has shown that breast and colon cancer patients who exercise regularly have half the recurrence rate than non-exercisers
  • Exercise helps lower your cancer risk and improve outcome by normalizing your insulin levels; lowering estrogen and testosterone levels; and improving the circulation of immune cells in your blood
  • Another group of people often discouraged from exercise are those suffering with heart problems, but a Norwegian study suggests even high-intensity interval training can be a safe choice for patients recovering from heart attacks or heart surgery
Artikkel klikk her:

http://fitness.mercola.com/sites/fitness/archive/2012/09/21/exercise-helps-cancer-patients.aspx?e_cid=20120921_DNL_art_1



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Sugar craving


My nephew, Isaac, came into town this past weekend to celebrate Labor Day and it was great to see him and go boating on the lake. However, the truth is … it was difficult to stick to my regular eating and activity program. (Maybe you can relate?)
This is why today I’m craving all sorts of “bad foods” that I know aren’t good for my belly. I’m talking mainly about SUGAR, which is the main cause of belly fat for most people.
Did you know that scientists say sugar is as addictive as some drugs including cocaine, so it’s no wonder we can’t get enough once we start eating more of it.
With all of this in mind, here are THREE things I’m doing today to help KILL my sugar cravings so I can fight fat and burn off the extra calories I ate this past weekend. (You should do these, too.)
Tip #1: Shake n’ Bake
That’s actually a quote from the movie “Talladega Nights” with Will Farrell but my translation of this quote is “Let’s get going!” And by that I mean some form of moving your body. When you exercise your body releases feel good hormones that act as “crowbars” to pry away unhealthy sugar cravings. Have a craving for sugar? Do 2 minutes of exercise (like climbing stairs or squatting in place) and notice how they decrease.
Tip #2: Drink Like a Fish
Many people battle false food cravings that are really THIRST cravings. (So True.) Many times your brain detects that you are low on water and it sends out a craving signal for you to drink more water but it’s misinterpreted as hunger. In fact, many people walk around in a mild state of dehydration all day and wonder why they can’t overcome cravings. Divide your bodyweight in half and drink that many ounces of water each day. For example, I weigh 180 pounds so I shoot for 90 ounces of water consumption each day. It helps to flush my system and hydrate my body to burn fat and fight cravings optimally. Try it!
Tip #3: Don’t Eat By Accident
There’s a big difference in trying to lose weight by choosing healthy foods… and actually following a PLAN where you know exactly when, what and how much you’re going to eat each day and then tracking the results and adjusting accordingly. Make a list of what you’re going to eat for the next day each night (and make sure you have this food available) and stick to your plan. Eating by accident leads to extra calories in the form of snacking, larger portions and eating the wrong foods.
Hope you enjoyed this article!
Sincerely,

Coach Josh




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Menisk

Klikk her :Artikkel om menisk



Om slitasjegikt - Artrose


Hva er slitasjegikt?

Når du har slitasjegikt i kneet:

• Leddvæsken kan miste sin evne til å beskytte leddet.

• Brusk som normalt beskytter enden av knebeinet kan miste sin dempingseffekt eller bli ujevn og slitt. Store deler av brusk kan også bli slitt helt bort, slik at beinendene skurer smertelig mot hverandre.

• Sammenbrudd av brusk kan føre til at leddet mister formen, og at beinendene kan bli tykkere og kan skape ansporinger i beinet.

• Fragmenter av bein eller brusk kan flyte i det felles leddrommet og kan forårsake ytterligere skade og smerte.





Normalt kne

1. Normal brusk har en glatt overflate slik at benene lett kan bevege seg mot hverandre.

2. Høy konsentrasjon av hyaluron i synovialhinnen demper og smører leddet.

3. Normalt ben



Gammelt kne

4. Tynt brusklag – er brusken helt slitt ned, kan benene skrape mot hverandre og gi sterke smerter.

5. Lav konsentrasjon av hyaluron i synovialhinnen kan ikke beskytte leddet.

6. Osteophytes (bensplinter)



Du kan lide av OA hvis du har noen av disse symptomene:

• Stivhet om morgenen

• Smerter når du beveger deg

• Smerter selv når du ikke er aktiv

• En knitrende eller skrapende lyd når du går

• Rød og hoven hud rundt kneet



Det finnes mange medvirkende faktorer til slitasjegikt. Disse inkluderer:

• Aldring

• Fedme

• Forringelse av ledd på grunn av skade

• Livsstilsproblemer

• Arvelige faktorer





HJERTEINFARKT HOS KVINNER


 Lynette Lymann: En sykepleiers opplevelse av et hjerteinfarkt

15. juni 2009

Jeg er akuttsykepleier og dette er den beste beskrivelsen jeg noensinne har hørt av et hjerteslag. Les, lær og gi den videre til andre!*

HJERTEINFARKT HOS KVINNER*_
Kvinner og hjerteslag (myokardinfarkt - akutt hjerteinfarkt).

Visste du at kvinner ofte ikke får de samme dramatiske symptomene som
menn når de opplever et hjerteinfarkt - den plutselige, stikkende
smerten i brystet, kaldsvettingen, de griper seg til brystet og faller
om, slik vi ser i filmene. Dette er historien til en kvinne som opplevde
hjerteinfarkt.

Jeg fikk hjerteinfarkt rundt kl. 22:30 UTEN forvarsel, og UTEN noe
forutgående følelsesmessig traume man kunne mistenkt for å ha utløst
det. Jeg satt og koste meg en kald kveld, varm og god, med den malende
katten min i fanget mens jeg leste en interessant historie en venn hadde
sendt meg, og jeg tenkte faktisk, 'a-a-h - dette er livet, koselig og
varmt i min myke, behagelige stressless med føttene opp i været'.

I neste øyeblikk kjente jeg en slik fæl følelse av magebesvær som du får
når du har det travelt, sluker en bit smørbrød og spyler det ned med en
slurk vann, og den hastige biten kjennes som om du har svelget en
golfball som synker nedover spiserøret i sakte kino, og det er svært
ubehagelig. Du skjønner at du ikke skulle ha slukt den så raskt og
heller tygget den ordentlig og så drukket et glass vann for å hjelpe på
prosessen med å få den ned i magen. Dette var det jeg kjente først. Det
eneste problemet var at jeg ikke hadde tatt en bit av noe som helst
siden rundt kl. 17 den ettermiddagen.

Etter at det virket som om det hadde gitt seg, var den neste følelsen
som små, klemmende bevegelser som gikk oppover RYGGRADEN min (når jeg
ser tilbake på det nå, var det antakeligvis aortakramper). De ble
raskere etter hvert som de fortsatte å stige oppover til de var under
sternum (brystbenet, der man presser rytmisk under gjenopplivningsforsøk).
Denne fascinerende prosessen fortsatte oppover til halsen og spredte seg
utover til begge kjevene. 'AHA!! NÅ var det slutt på å lure på hva som
skjedde - vi har alle lest eller hørt om smerter i kjevene som et av
signalene på myokardinfarkt, har vi ikke? Jeg sa høyt til meg selv og
katten: 'Kjære Gud, jeg tror jeg får hjerteslag!'


Jeg senket fotstøtten, dumpet katten ned fra fanget og ville ta et
skritt framover, men i stedet falt jeg om på gulvet. Jeg tenkte at hvis
dette er et hjerteinfarkt, burde jeg ikke gå til det andre rommet hvor
telefonen er eller noe annet sted heller ... men på den andre siden,
hvis jeg ikke gjør det, er det ingen som vet at jeg trenger hjelp, og
hvis jeg venter lenger nå, vil jeg ikke være i stand til å komme meg opp.

Jeg trakk meg selv opp etter armlenene på stolen, gikk langsomt til
naborommet og slo nødnummeret ... Jeg fortalte henne at jeg trodde jeg
hadde fått hjerteinfarkt på grunn av trykket som bygget seg opp under
brystbenet og strålte opp til kjevene mine. Jeg følte meg verken
hysterisk eller redd, men oppga bare fakta. Hun sa hun skulle sende en
ambulanse med en gang, og spurte om utgangsdøren var langt unna, og ba
meg låse den opp og så legge meg ned på gulvet der de kunne se meg når
de kom inn.

Jeg låste opp døren og la meg så ned på gulvet som jeg hadde fått
beskjed om.
 Da må jeg ha mistet bevisstheten, for jeg husker ikke at
ambulansefolkene kom inn og hørte heller ikke at de ringte til St. Jude
akuttmottak underveis, men jeg var våken et kort øyeblikk da vi ankom og
så at radiologen allerede var der i blå operasjonsklær og hjalp
ambulansepersonalet å løfte båren min ut av ambulansen.
 Han bøyde seg
over meg og stilte spørsmål (antakelig noe sånt som "Har du tatt noen
medisiner?'), men jeg klarte ikke å få hjernen min til å tolke det han
sa eller formulere et svar, og svimte av igjen, og våknet ikke før
hjertespesialisten og hans team allerede hadde ført den bittelille
angiogram-ballongen opp gjennom lyskearterien, gjennom aorta
(hovedpulsåren) og inn i hjertet hvor de fikk på plass to stenter
(åreproteser) ved siden av hverandre for å holde den høyre kransarterien
åpen.

Det høres jo ut som om all tenkingen og det jeg gjorde hjemme måtte ha
tatt minst 20-30 minutter før jeg ringte nødtelefonen, men det tok
faktisk 4-5 minutter før jeg ringte, og både brannstasjonen og St. Jude
sykehuset ligger bare minutter unna der jeg bor, og hjertespesialisten
min var allerede klar til å gå til operasjonsrommet i fullt utstyr og
begynne med å starte hjertet mitt igjen (som hadde stanset et sted
mellom ankomsten og selve prosedyren) og installere stentene.

Hvorfor har jeg skrevet ned alt dette så detaljert? Fordi jeg vil at
alle dere som er så viktige i livet mitt skal få vite det jeg lærte av
førstehåndserfaring.


1. Vær oppmerksom når det skjer noe annerledes i kroppen din, ikke de
       vanlige mannfolksymptomene, men uforklarlige ting (før brystbenet og
      kjevene slår til). Det sies at mange flere kvinner enn menn dør av sitt
    første (og siste) hjerteinfarkt fordi de ikke visste at det var et slag
og begikk den vanlige feilen å tro at det var fordøyelsesbesvær, tok
Maalox eller noe annet syrenøytraliserende og gikk til sengs, og håpet
at de skulle føle seg bedre når de våknet neste morgen ... men så våknet
de aldri. Mine kvinnelige venner, det er ikke sikkert at dine symptomer
er akkurat likedanne som mine, så jeg råder dere til å ringe nødnummeret

UANSETT hvis noe ubehagelig skjer som du ikke har opplevd tidligere. Det
er bedre å få et 'falsk alarm'-besøk enn å risikere livet mens du
gjetter på hva det kan være!

2. Legg merke til at jeg sa 'Ring nødnummeret'. Og hvis du kan, ta en
       aspirin. Mine damer, TIDEN ER KRITISK! IKKE prøv å kjøre selv til
      akuttmottaket - du utgjør en fare for andre på veien. La IKKE den
   panikkslagne mannen din kjøre. Han kommer til å kjøre som en gal og
nervøst holde øye med hva som skjer med deg i stedet for på veien. IKKE
ring til fastlegen din - han/hun vet ikke hvor du bor, og hvis det skjer
på natten, når du ham ikke uansett, og hvis det er på dagen, kommer
legesekretæren (eller en telefonsvarer) bare til å si at du skal ringe
nødnummeret. Legen din kjører dessuten ikke rundt med det utstyret du
trenger for å bli reddet! Det gjør ambulansen - hovedsaklig OKSYGEN, som
du trenger så raskt som mulig. Legen din vil få beskjed senere.


3. Det er ikke lurt å anta at det ikke kan være et hjerteinfarkt fordi
          du har normalt kolesterolnivå. Forskningen har oppdaget at forhøyet
kolesterol bare sjelden er årsaken til et hjerteinfarkt (hvis det
er kjempehøyt og/eller ledsaget av høyt blodtrykk). Hjerteinfarkt
forårsakes vanligvis av stress og inflammasjon i kroppen over lengre
tid, noe som dumper alle slags dødelige hormoner inn i systemet og
skaper masse slagg der inne. Smerter i kjeven kan vekke deg fra dyp
søvn. La oss være forsiktige og våkne. Jo mer vi vet, jo bedre sjanse
for at vi kan overleve.

En hjertespesialist sa at dersom alle som mottar dette sender det videre
til minst ti personer, kan du være sikker på å redde minst ett liv.


**Vær en sann venn, og send denne artikkelen til alle dine venner
(mannlige og kvinnelige!) som du bryr deg om!**/

Mottatt og oversatt til norsk av Bente Michelsen, Sand, 9056 Mortenhals,
firmapost@livlaga.com, onsdag 17. juni 2009/







.

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